Gordji-Nejad Matusch Kleedorfer 2024

• Paste quoted text from the Methods section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks or a bullet mark:

Throughout both sessions, subjects stayed in a lab room next to the MRI scanner in a dimly lit and quiet environment under consistent and constant conditions. They were not allowed to sleep, permanently supervised, optically monitored, and spoken to whenever initial signs of falling asleep occurred.

• Write your translation on the next line:

The test subjects were kept awake in a quiet, non-stimulating environment, for two nights for the purposes of testing

• Paste quoted text from the Introduction of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

These results indicate that intracellular creatine uptake on a short time scale is possible under certain conditions. The study aimed to prove whether a high extracellular availability of creatine can compensate for metabolic changes and cognitive impairment during sleep deprivation.

• Write your translation on the next line:

Cells can absorb creatine in short time period, under certain circumstances.  This study is trying to prove that providing a high amount of creatine in the extra-cellular environment of the body can allow the body to compensate for the metabolic changes and difficulty with high functioning cognitive tasks while in a sleep deprived state.

• Paste quoted text from the Results section in the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

Creatine significantly reduced fatigue in terms of FAT by 8 } 7% (Wilcoxon’s Z26 = − 2.84, p = 0.002) at 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. pooled. Significant improvements revealed in WMT (10.3 } 3.8%, t43 = 2.7, p43 = 0.005) and speed in processing time in WMT (17.7 } 6.0%, t43 = 3.0, p43 = 0.002), language (29.1 } 5.3%, t43 = 5.3, p43 = 2.0 × 10–6), logic (16.0 } 4.0%,t43 = 3.9, p43 = 0.0002) and numeric (24.0 } 4.9%, t43 = 4.8, p43 = 1.02 × 10–task when pooled at all 3 time points

• Write your translation on the next line:

In this test Creatine was shown to reduce the level of fatigue in sleep-deprived subjects, compared to placebo.  Those subjects also showed significant improvements, over those taking a placebo, in Word Memory Tasks, speed in processing time, language tests, and numeric test.

• Paste quoted text from the Discussion section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

In cognitive tests, processing time appears to be improved particularly in numeric and language performance 4 h after creatine administration. Improvements in complex and executive tasks, memory tasks such as digit span, and reaction speed after SD are well-established effects of sub-chronical creatine2,4,19.

• Write your translation on the next line:

In sleep deprived subjects, creatine seems to significantly improve processing time for numbers and language performance, complex and executive tasks, memory tasks, and reaction speed.  The improvement appears about 4 hours after administration.

Further research should be done into the exact dosing of creatine for the best results in sleep deprivation. This test used a single dose of 0.35g/kg of creatine, but perhaps regular (daily) usage or higher doses would show more neurological and mental health benefits for sleep deprived individuals.

The huge amount of statistics and the abbreviations were difficult to wade through and took a bit of going back and forth to try to understand exactly what the writers were trying to document.  Sleep deprivation is a major contributor to poor mental health among many people, especially first responders.  It is encouraging to see that research is being conducted into supplements that can help ease that burden in a healthier manner than the classic caffeine/energy drink combo.