Telzer Fuligni Lieberman 2013.pdf

• Paste quoted text from the Methods section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks or a bullet mark:

Participants ranged in age from 14 to 16 years (Mage =15.23; 19 males, 27 females). Participants completed written consent and assent in accordance with UCLA’s Institutional Review Board. Participants were not currently taking any medications and did not report being diagnosed with any mood or sleep disorder.

• Write your translation on the next line:

The researchers engaged 46 adolescents of both genders without any diagnosed mood or sleep disorder to participate in the research in accordance with UCLA’s Institutional Review Board.

• Paste quoted text from the Introduction of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

Adolescence is a time of biological and social changes that greatly impact sleep and risk taking. Although good sleep is important at all stages of development, sleep may have particularly consequential effects on cognitive and affective functioning during adolescence, a developmental phase when insufficient and poor quality sleep is prevalent (Colrin and Baker, 2011; Dahl and Lewin, 2002). Poor sleep quality is related to a host of cognitive and emotional deficits, including a bias towards high risk behaviors, diminished attentional and behavioral control, and poor emotion regulation (Dahl, 1996; Harrison and Horne, 2000), making poor sleep a significant public health and developmental concern that may impact high risk behaviors during adolescence.

• Write your translation on the next line:

Quality of sleep is vital in all stages of human development especially as it can impact our brain functions. Poor sleep is associated with several mental issues, including the tendency for high risk behaviours, reduced concentration, poor behavioral control, and lack of emotional regulation. Therefore, poor sleep poses a public health and developmental concerns that can lead to high risk behaviours in adolescence and this research paper seeks to examine relationship between normal level of sleep and brain function during risk taking in adolescence.

• Paste quoted text from the Results section in the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

Next, we examined how the extent of functional coupling relates to adolescents’ behavioral

performance and self-reports. Reduced functional coupling between the insula and DLPFC

was associated with greater pumps on the BART (β=−.49, p<.001), more decision making

complacency (β=−.34, p<.05), less decision making self esteem (β=.43, p<.005), and less

decision making vigilance (β=.41, p=.005). Reduced functional coupling between the VS

and DLPFC was associated with greater pumps on the BART (β=−.36, p<.05), greater

reported likelihood of engaging in risk taking (β=−.37, p<.05), and more decision making

complacency (β=−.29, p=.05).

• Write your translation on the next line:

The researchers examined the adolescents’ cognitive activities and the result showed an interaction between their behaviour and rate of engagement with named mental functions.

• Paste quoted text from the Discussion section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

Thus, adolescents with poorer sleep may engage in more risk taking because of a failure of prefrontal, top-down regulation during affective arousal. These findings are consistent with the dual system model of neural development, which suggests that risk taking arises, in part, due to a cortical–subcortical imbalance, in which a relatively immature PFC is less effective at regulating a sensitive and more rapidly developing ventral striatum (Somerville et al., 2010; Steinberg, 2010). 

• Write your translation on the next line:

Adolescents with poor sleep is likely to engage in more risk taking because of a failure of prefrontal cortex (a part of the brain responsible for managing executive function, complex thinking and emotional control) than an adolescent with better sleep.

• What future research should follow up on this work?

I recommend a follow up research work should be done on the effect of sleep on the academic performance of middle school students.

• What did you not understand about this paper that someone else may be able to help you with? Or, if you understood everything, what did you find most challenging to understand?

I found it challenging to fully understand and interpret the results section of the research paper.