Vestergaard Skogen Hysing 2024

Methods:

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Data for the present report stem from the SHoT2021 (w1, collected from March to April 2021) and the SHoT2022 (w2, collected from February to April 2022). All 181,828 (w1) and 169,572 (w2) full-time students who took higher education in Norway received an invitation to participate, of whom 62,498 (w1) and 59,554 (w2) students completed the web-based questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 34.4% (w1) and 35.1% (w2).

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The researchers surveyed university students in Norway over two years. Using online questionnaires that thousands of students completed, they gathered data on sleep patterns and students’ psychological health.

Introduction:

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Based on these considerations, there is a pressing need to further investigate the relationship between sleep duration and mental health among young adults, encompassing a broad spectrum of mental health outcomes to delineate the pattern of the association.

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There is a need for further research to better understand the effects of sleep quantity on various mental health dimensions in young adults.

Results:

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For all mental disorders and well-being outcomes, including the composite graph for “any mental disorder”, it is possible to deduce a pattern where a sleep duration of less than 8 hours, and to some extent longer than 8 hours, was associated with increased rates of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, eating disorder, OCD, ADHD, psychological distress and dissatisfaction with life. Thus, a sleep duration of approximately 8 hours had the lowest rate of mental illness.

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Students who reported sleeping fewer than 8 hours per night were more likely to have mental health issues. The risk of mental illness was lowest among students sleeping approximately 8 hours.

Discussion:

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This study examined the association between sleep duration and the risk for mental illness using a large longitudinal sample of Norwegian young adults being students. The results generally exhibited a ᒐ-shaped pattern, suggesting that both short and, to a lesser extent long, sleep duration, were associated with higher risk of mental illness one year later.

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The study found that sleep deprivation and, in a less pronounced manner, oversleeping were associated with mental unwellness. Getting a moderate amount of sleep appeared to be best for mental well-being.

Future Directions:

• What future research should follow up on this work?

Further studies are needed to determine if increasing sleep duration with targeted interventions can directly impact mental health disorders in young adults. In addition, researchers may be able to examine a more diverse population and examine sleep with objective data, not just relying on self-reported data.

Difficult Material:

• What did you not understand about this paper that someone else may be able to help you with? Or, if you understood everything, what did you find most challenging to understand?

The most difficult section of the paper was comprehending the statistical analysis, especially the restricted cubic spline models and the risk ratio used to analyze the association between sleep with the various mental health outcomes. Such approaches are complex and necessitate sophisticated statistical expertise to comprehend fully the conclusions drawn.