Antunez Vergara Rosa 2025

Methods:

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The data were collected in November 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) through a virtual survey consisting of a brief self-report questionnaire of sociodemographic variables (gender, age, course) and several mental health questionnaires that students took 20 minutes to fill out. The study used convenience sampling, whereby all university students were invited to voluntarily respond via email.

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The researchers gathered data from the university students using an online survey during COVID-19 Pandemic. All students provided responses to questions regarding background and mental health, and participation was voluntary.

Introduction:

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On the other hand, in the university stage, a relationship has been reported between sleep quality and mental health problems, specifically depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, mental health problems are closely associated with sleep, since poor sleep has been associated with a higher prevalence of symptoms of mental health issues.

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In previous studies, it was found that poor sleep among university students is associated with mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and stress. This indicates that the quality of sleep could be a significant factor in students’ psychological health.

Results:

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Given the structure of the dendrogram and the fact that each group presented distinctive and interesting characteristics, we proceeded to work with 4 clusters, which were named based on their characteristics: “Poor Sleeper,” “Effective Sleeper,” “Good Sleeper,” and “Sleeper with Hypnotic Use.”

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The researchers identified four groups of students based on their sleep characteristics. The groups differed from one another in terms of sleep quality and mental health symptoms, as well as in terms of sleep quality.

Discussion:

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Specifically, in the current research, the associations between symptoms of mental health issues and sleep quality ranged from low to moderate, depending on the profile, which is consistent with findings reported by other studies involving university populations, which describe a significant relationship between poor sleep quality and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

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The research revealed that poorer sleep quality was associated with more mental health issues. Generally, students with poorer sleep quality had higher depression, anxiety and stress scores.

Future Directions:

• What future research should follow up on this work?

Future studies could investigate if the sleep quality profiles found in this study exist among students attending other universities and other countries. Future research should also explore the effect of sleep patterns, coping and life style on the relationship between sleep quality and mental health.

Difficult Material:

• What did you not understand about this paper that someone else may be able to help you with? Or, if you understood everything, what did you find most challenging to understand?

The most difficult section of the paper to understand was the explanation of the hierarchical cluster analysis and how the researchers used it to develop the 4 sleep-quality profiles. Further explanation of the statistical operations performed would help clarify the results.