Wei Guo Zhang 2023

• Paste quoted text from the Methods section of the article on the next line. Do not include
quotation marks or a bullet mark:
This study was a cross-sectional study design, and it was reported accordingly to the
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.
This questionnaire was designed by the researchers to collect related information about nurses,
including gender, age, education level, year of work experience, professional ranks and titles,
and marital status.

• Write your translation on the next line:
The study was cross-sectional, which means that the data was only collected during that single period of
time instead of over a period of time. During this period, a sample size of 171 consenting nurses in the
operating room of one hospital in China, selected based on a set of criteria, were asked by the
researchers to complete a questionnaire about their gender, age, education level, years of work and
experience, professional ranks and titles, and marital status. In addition to this, they were asked
whether they had a mental illness, for a corresponding diagnosis and necessary ethical considerations
were made. The STROBE statement, as used for cross-sectional studies, is an international 22-item
checklist that is used to improve the clarity, transparency and quality of published observational
research. It is used to guide the authors on how to report research well.

• Paste quoted text from the Introduction of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation
marks:
Currently the mental health and job stress of nurses in surgical system in China remain unclear
and needs further investigation. Therefore, this study investigated the professional mental
stressors of nurses in the operating room, to understand the job stress and mental health status
of nurses in the operating room, to provide evidence for improving the health of nurses in
surgical system.

• Write your translation on the next line:
The point of the study was to investigate the mental stressors that come with the role of being a
nurse in the operating room, so that we may be able to form a greater understanding of the
cause of their stress, and thereby be able to advocate for improving their work systems.

Paste quoted text from the Results section in the article on the next line. Do not include
quotation marks:
In this study, 176 questionnaires were distributed and collected, and 5 invalid questionnaires
were excluded. A total of 171 operating room nurses were investigated. 76.02% nurses were
female, the average age was (34.18 ± 10.22) years old, the average years of work experience
was (8.94 ± 5.06). The detailed characteristics of included nurses are presented in Table 1.
As presented in Table 2, the job pressure of the nurses in the operating room was in the middle
level. There were significant differences in the SCL-90 and NJSS scores in nurses with different
age, year of work experience and professional ranks and titles (all P < 0.05). There were no
statistical differences in the nurses with different gender, educational level and marital status
(all P > 0.05). The highest score of nurses’ job stress was (2.19 ± 0.92) on the items of nursing
profession and work (Table 3).
As presented in Table 4, the nursing profession and work (r = 0.449), workload and distribution
(r = 0.542), working environment and resources (r = 0.604), patient care (r = 0.581),
management and interpersonal relationship (r = 0.537) were all positively correlated with SCL90 score of nurses in operating room (all P < 0.05).
As presented in Table 5, Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (OR = 1.596, 95%CI: 1.224
~ 1.746), year of work experience (OR = 2.388, 95%CI: 2.103 ~ 2.655), professional ranks and
titles (OR = 2.971, 95%CI: 2.703 ~ 3.429) were the influencing factors of SCL-90 score of nurses in
operating room (all P < 0.05).
As presented in Table 6, Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (OR = 2.066, 95%CI: 1.743
~ 2.379), year of work experience (OR = 2.129, 95%CI: 1.836 ~ 2.452), professional ranks and
titles (OR = 2.575, 95%CI: 2.002 ~ 2.825) were the influencing factors of NJSS score of nurses in
operating room (all P < 0.05).

• Write your translation on the next line:
The SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90) and the NJSS (Nurses’ Job Stressor Scale) were the two
scales of measurement they used for this study.
According to the results collected by the researchers, the Job pressure of these nurses was at a
middle level.
Out of the 171 investigated operating room nurses, more female nurses participated in this
study than their male counterparts. The average age of the nurses was 34.18 ± 10.22, and the
average age of work experience was 8.94 ± 5.06 (Table 1)
Nurses of different ages, years of work experience, and professional ranks and titles had very
different ranges of stress in each category. There was not much difference in scores between
nurses of different genders, educational levels, and marital statuses (Table 2).
The factor that caused these nurses the most stress was the low wages and benefits (Table 3).
Most of the occupational stressors, such as the nursing profession and work, workload and
distribution, working environment and resources, patient care and management of
interpersonal relationships, have r-values higher than 0.5, which indicates a strong positive
correlation between them and the high SCL-90 score of the nurses in the operating room. This
could mean that the occupational stressors might also play a part in what is affecting the mental
health of these nurses. The nursing profession and work had the lowest score of 0.449. (Table 4)

• Paste quoted text from the Discussion section of the article on the next line. Do not include
quotation marks:
Operating room nurses have been in a high-pressure environment for a long time, working long
hours, high intensity, and exposed to a variety of occupational risk factors, a series of adverse
factors make the mental health status of operating room nurses not optimistic [17]. This study
has found that the factor scores and total average scores of SCL-90 of nurses in operating room
are higher than those of other groups of population, indicating that the mental health status of
nurses in operating room is lower than the normal level.

• Write your translation on the next line:
The researchers found that the cause of stress for the nurses in the operating rooms can only be
described as a cocktail of high stress and intense environments over long periods, in addition to
the multiple risk factors that come naturally with being a nurse, that has caused these nurses to
have mental health statuses that are lower than normal levels. It is also mentioned that the high
stakes and expectations, but low acknowledgement, pay for their efforts, and a lack of promotional opportunities have caused burnout and feelings of dissatisfaction in their work to
brew among the nurses.

• What future research should follow up on this work?
As mentioned before in the methods section, this was a cross-sectional study, which means that
the data were only collected during that single period of time instead of over a period of time. A
longitudinal study (this means the research is done over a long period of time) should be done.
So that the effect on mental health as more time is spent in this field can be measured, studied
and understood.
For ethical reasons, the nurses should be provided with the necessary support by the hospital to
feel satisfied with their work. Not only will this improve their mental health, thereby increasing
their efficiency and quality of care provided to the patients, but it will also enable the hospital
and the researchers to see which methods are the most effective over time.
It should also be noted that this study was done in only one hospital in China. Doing this kind of
research throughout hospitals in China and perhaps globally, where it is practical, with nurses in
multiple fields, will increase the sample size and could prove to be beneficial to the overall
mental health of nurses around the world.

• What did you not understand about this paper that someone else may be able to help you with?
Or, if you understood everything, what did you find most challenging to understand?
I struggled with understanding most of the tables, specifically the logistic regression analysis tables (5
and 6), and with interpreting some of the values in Table 4. I also didn’t understand how they derived
and used the formula: n × 20 × [1 + (10-15%) to determine the sample size they would need.