Vestergaard Skogen Hysing 2024

Methods:

• Paste quoted text from the Methods section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks or a bullet mark:

The SHoT study (Students’ Health and Well-being Study) is a large national survey of students enrolled in higher education in Norway. Five surveys have been completed since 2010. Detailed information of the SHoT study has been described in a previous publication [7]. Data for the present report stem from the SHoT2021 (w1, collected from March to April 2021) and the SHoT2022 (w2, collected from February to April 2022). All 181,828 (w1) and 169,572 (w2) full-time students who took higher education in Norway received an invitation to participate, of whom 62,498 (w1) and 59,554 (w2) students completed the web-based questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 34.4 % (w1) and 35.1 % (w2). The current study is based on a nested longitudinal sample from SHoT2021 and SHoT2022 (n = 21,289).

Translation:

The researchers used data from a large survey of students in Norway collected in 2021 and 2022. Over 21000 full-time students were invited, and one-third completed the online questionnaire about health, sleep, and mental well-being. Responses were used to analyse links between sleep habits and mental health.

Introduction:

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Taken together, it appears that the prevalence of insufficient sleep duration and mental illness is high and increasing among students and that a mental disorder most often presents itself for the first time during this age. Therefore, students may constitute a population where exploring the association between sleep duration and mental health isparticularly relevant. However, research on the association between sleep duration and mental health has tended to focus on children, adolescences or adults in general.

Translation:

Many students do not get enough sleep, and mental health problems are common and on the rise at this age. Since mental health issues start in young adults, it’s important to study how sleep affects the mental health of adults.

Results:

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Overall, the risk profiles maintained consistent patterns for both male and female students. However, some notable sex discrepancies emerged regarding the risk for some mental disorders and outcomes of well-being when sleeping very short or very long. Of note was the high risk for especially OCD, eating disorder and PTSD for male students who reported sleep less than 4 h. Additionally, for sleep durations of 10 h or more, the risk for most mental disorders and outcomes of well-being (except for anxiety and depression) were higher for males compared to females.

Translation:

Overall, sleep patterns affected male and female students mostly in similar ways. There are some important differences between them, especially when students sleep very little or for very long hours. Male students who slept less than 4 hours had a much higher risk of certain mental health problems, such as OCD and eating disorders. Also, when sleeping more than 10 hours, males generally had a higher risk of most mental health issues compared to females.

Discussion:

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A recent review on sleep disturbances and mental disorders concluded that sleep loss is likely to increase susceptibility to mental illness, as seen through anxiety and depression, decreased positive mood, poor emotion regulation, negative perception of neutral stimuli and poor problem solving.

Translation:

A recent review found that poor sleep can increase the chances of mental health problems. It can lead to anxiety, lower positive mood, difficulty managing emotions and weaker problem-solving skills.

Future Directions:

• What future research should follow up on this work?

Future research should focus on understanding whether sleep problems actually cause mental illness or occur as a result of it. Moreover, researchers should explore biological mechanisms linking sleep and mental health, such as brain function and hormones.

Difficult Material:

• What did you not understand about this paper that someone else may be able to help you with? Or, if you understood everything, what did you find most challenging to understand?

One thing I found challenging is understanding the direction of causality, meaning I cannot clearly determine whether poor sleep causes mental illness or mental illness leads to poor sleep. Also, the ᒐ-shaped relationship interpretation was complex.