Shannon, Shevlin, Brick, 2023

• Paste quoted text from the Methods section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks or a bullet mark: 

The RPE/RIR was a 7-point scale, with scores encompassing: 1 (RPE: 1–2,‘little to no effort’), 2 (RPE: 3–4, ‘light effort’), 3 (RPE: 5–6, 4–6 reps remaining), 4 (RPE: 7, 3 reps remaining), 5 (RPE: 8, 2 reps remaining), 6 (RPE:9, 1 rep remaining) and 7 (RPE: 10, ‘maximum effort’). As detailed, an RPE score of 10 was activity-anchored to no remaining repetitions in reserve and maximum effort, whereas an RPE rating of 8 equated to two repetitions in reserve. 

• Write your translation on the next line: 

A scale was used called the “Rating of Perceived Exertion” in relation to “Repetitions in Reserve” which means the participants rated how much effort they were using, in relation to how many more repetitions of the exercise they could do. An RPE of 1 or 2 meant very little effort and they could do many repetitions, whereas an RPE of 10 meant max effort and they were unable to do another rep of the exercise. 

• Paste quoted text from the Introduction of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks: 

Physical activity, defined as any bodily movement by the skeletal muscles that leads to energy expenditure (Caspersen et al., 1985), is a modifiable lifestyle behavior associated with mental and physical well-being at various durations (e.g., short through to long bouts), intensities (e.g., light through to high-intensity) and modalities (e.g., resistance, aerobic, and recreational/sporting behaviours) (Biddle et al., 2014; Way et al., 2016; Mcleod et al., 2019).

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Physical activity is a factor of our lifestyle that we can easily change/adapt and is associated with better mental and physical health. This association is true for different lengths of exercise (short or long), intensities (easy or hard workouts), and different types (resistance training such as lifting weights, cardio such as running, or sports). 

• Paste quoted text from the Results section in the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks: 

However, partially supporting H1, and fully supporting H3, MS frequency of 1 and >3 days, compared to no activity, were associated with significant decreases in depression. Unexpectedly, the effect for 1-day (B = 2.21*) was larger than 3 or more days (B = 1.67**), and the effect for 2 days (B = 0.24) was non-significant for depression. 

• Write your translation on the next line: 

The researchers found that the participants who did some (1 day per week) muscle-strengthening activity or those who exceeded the guideline (over 3 days per week) had significantly less depression compared to those who did no activity at all. To their surprise, they found that this decrease in depression was larger for those who did 1 day per week compared to over 3 days per week, and participants who trained 2 days per week did not show a decrease in depression. 

• Paste quoted text from the Discussion section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks: 

Overall, significant proportions of individuals were classified with likely anxiety and depression, while less than one third were ‘flourishing’ as per Keyes’ (2002) definition. Further, a majority did not meet the MS public health guidance. Novel findings from the present study revealed some support for H1 to the extent that 1-day and >3-days of MS activity over a 7-day period were protective against depression, and >3 days of MS activity was related to lower anxiety. 

• Write your translation on the next line: 

Most of the participants in the study were found to likely have anxiety and depression before participating, and less than one third were “flourishing”, or in other words doing great mentally. Most of the participants also did not meet the public health guidance for doing muscle-strengthening activities. The study found new important findings, that doing 1 day a week of muscle-strengthening activities can help depression, and 3+ days per week can help depression and anxiety symptoms. 

This work was in part conducted during lock downs from COVID-19, therefore the mental health scores may be largely due to this circumstance. I think this study should be conducted again now that people can socialize more and do their workouts in a public gym, as I think the social aspect of working out can also greatly improve mental health. 

I found it difficult to understand the regression analysis. When looking at Table 2 of the multivariate regression model, it can be hard to fully understand what the numbers are telling you about the relationship between the variable (gender, age, MS frequency etc) and anxiety, depression, and well-being.