Newbury Heron Kirkbride

• Paste quoted text from the Methods section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks or a bullet mark:

We derived exposure estimates for 3 developmental stages, pregnancy, childhood (birth to age 9 years), and adolescence (ages 10-12 years), which were calculated using mean exposure values for NO2, PM2.5, and noise pollution during these age windows.

• Write your translation on the next line:

The study calculated pollution exposure for individuals in 3 developmental stages of life: pregnancy, childhood (birth to 9 years), and adolescence (10-12 years). These exposures were calculated using the average values for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particle matter under 2.5 um (PM2.5) and noise pollution.

• Paste quoted text from the Introduction of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

We aimed to advance understanding on this topic by capitalizing on a novel linkage between high-resolution outdoor air and noise pollution data and a cohort of over 14 000 infants born in Southwest England in 1991 through 1993 and followed up into adulthood.

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The goal of the study was to examine how exposure to outdoor air and noise pollution at a young age affects the mental health of individuals in adulthood.

• Paste quoted text from the Results section in the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

This cohort study included 9065 participants who had any mental health data, of whom (with sample size varying by parameter) 51.4% (4657 of 9051) were female, 19.5% (1544 of 7910) reported psychotic experiences, 11.4% (947 of 8344) reported depression, and 9.7% (811 of 8398) reported anxiety. Mean (SD) age at follow-up was 24.5 (0.8) years.

• Write your translation on the next line:

This study included a total of 9065 participants. Approximately 51% were female. The results suggest that 19.5% of participants experienced psychotic experiences, 11.4% experienced depression and 9.7% experienced anxiety. The average follow-up age of participants was 24.5 years.

• Paste quoted text from the Discussion section of the article on the next line. Do not include quotation marks:

Our findings suggest an important role of early-life (including prenatal) exposure to air pollution in the development of youth mental health problems.

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Based on the study’s findings, early exposure to pollution likely affects the development of mental health.

Alternative methods in evaluating this topic should be considered as well as how pollution affects the physical health along with mental health in these developmental stages.

The most challenging aspect of this research article was interpreting the results section, as it included many unfamiliar scientific jargon, such as “covariate adjustment,” “areal-level covariates,” and “IQR.”