The Implications of Unintended Pregnancies for Mental Health in Later Life

Methods:

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Data were collected on the graduates in 1957, 1964, 1975, 1993, 2004, and 2011; for this study, we drew on the first 4 rounds. The original WLS sample contained 5326 women, 4809 of whom (90%) were interviewed in 1975. The majority of these women (4199) had given birth to at least 1 child by the time of their interview in 1975. Among these women, 2749 had complete data on pregnancy intentions in 1975, the covariates, and the mental health outcome measures in 1992. A total of 287 respondents were deceased. The remaining missing data resulted from item nonresponse.

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From the graduates of 1957,1964, 1975, 2004, and 2011 this study was designed to illustrate the first 4 rounds. It originally accommodated 5,326 women, where 4,809 of them where interviewed in 1975. Most of these women had given birth to no less then one child by the time of the interviews in 1975. Out of these woman only 2,749 had given data on pregnancy intentions during 1975, the control variable and mental health out come measures in 1992. 287 of which where deceased, and the remaining had resulted from nonresponse.  

Introduction:

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Consequently, having and raising a child of an unwanted pregnancy may result in similar long-lasting effects on mental health. For example, there is evidence that some parents of children with disabilities don’t start exhibiting higher levels of mental and physical health strains until they reach later life.9 Evidence also suggests that the negative mental health effects associated with raising children are greater for mothers than for fathers

• Write your translation on the next line: In consequence, to go through and raise a child that was a unwanted pregnancy resulted in a near long lasting outcome on mental health. As an example there has been evidence that majority parents of children with disabilities don’t start to see elevated levels of mental and physical health strains until later life is reached. The negative mental health effects are also greater for mothers than for fathers.

Results

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Results suggest a strong and persistent relationship between having an unwanted pregnancy resulting in a live birth and poorer later-life mental health outcomes, even when controlling for other variables likely to affect both pregnancy intention and mental health; these included personality and a range of potential early life and pre pregnancy confounders. The difference between planned and mistimed pregnancies was not statistically significant. Women with unwanted pregnancies had 1.42 greater odds (95% CI = 1.07, 1.88) of having a depressive episode than did women who had planned pregnancies. Those with planned pregnancies were more likely to report a depressive episode than were those with mistimed pregnancies

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Results showed that having an unwanted pregnancy resulted in poorer later life mental health outcomes. The women with unwanted pregnancies had stronger odds of having a depressive episode then the women who had planned pregnancies, but those with planned pregnancies  where most likely to report depressive episodes then those with mistimed pregnancies. 

Discussion

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The overwhelming majority of previous research on the health effects of unintended pregnancy focuses on infants’ and children’s well-being or women’s health behaviours during pregnancy. Our study adds to a small body of research suggesting that health effects on women themselves may be both notable and persistent.

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Previous research on health effects of unintended pregnancies was focused on the kids well being and the women’s health behaviours during the pregnancy. The study added to limited data of research saying that health effects on women themselves are both notable and persistent. 

Future Directions:

• What future research should follow up on this work?

Future research could follow up on what the statistics are like now a days and comparing the two to see how much of a difference there is.  

Difficult Material:

• What did you not understand about this paper that someone else may be able to help you with? Or, if you understood everything, what did you find most challenging to understand?

Something that I had a hard time understanding was the statistics, I wish there was a little bit more numbers or graphs showing data all the way from 1957 to 2011.